Child psychology plays a critical role in understanding cognitive, emotional, and behavioral development from infancy through adolescence. Professionals in this field contribute to research, clinical interventions, and educational programs that improve mental health outcomes for children and families.
Earning a PhD in child psychology prepares graduates for careers in academia, clinical practice, and research. Unlike a master’s degree, a PhD offers extensive training in both theoretical frameworks and applied methodologies, allowing professionals to specialize in areas such as developmental psychology, pediatric neuropsychology, and clinical child psychology.
This guide provides a comprehensive overview of PhD in child psychology programs, including program structures, key factors to consider when selecting a program, career prospects, and salary expectations.
What Is a PhD in Child Psychology?
A PhD in child psychology is a research-intensive doctoral degree that focuses on the cognitive, emotional, social, and behavioral development of children from infancy through adolescence. Students in these programs gain expertise in assessing and treating developmental disorders, conducting psychological research, and applying evidence-based interventions to support children’s mental health and well-being.
Child Psychology and Developmental Psychology: Understanding the Overlap
When researching PhD programs in child psychology, prospective students may frequently encounter developmental psychology programs instead. This is because child psychology is considered a subfield of developmental psychology, which broadly studies human growth and change across the lifespan. While developmental psychology programs often cover all age groups, many allow students to specialize in child and adolescent development, making them a strong option for those pursuing a career in child psychology.
Key differences between the two include:
- Child psychology primarily focuses on childhood and adolescence, emphasizing clinical applications and mental health interventions.
- Developmental psychology takes a broader approach, examining changes in behavior, cognition, and emotion throughout life but often offering child-focused specializations.
- Some programs labeled as “clinical child psychology” or “pediatric psychology” are more directly aligned with applied clinical work, while developmental psychology PhD programs may emphasize research.
For those who are still considering their educational path, starting with an affordable online master’s in child psychology can be a stepping stone toward a PhD. Many master’s programs provide foundational coursework in developmental psychology, research methods, and clinical assessment, preparing students for more advanced doctoral study.
PhD vs. PsyD in Child Psychology
Students considering a doctoral degree in child psychology may also come across Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) programs. While both PhD and PsyD programs provide advanced training in psychology, they differ in focus:
- PhD in Child Psychology: Primarily research-oriented, with extensive coursework in psychological theory, research methodologies, and data analysis. Graduates often work in academia, research institutions, or clinical settings with an emphasis on evidence-based practice.
- PsyD in Child Psychology: Focuses more on clinical training and direct application of psychological principles in practice. While some research is involved, the PsyD is designed for students aiming for hands-on careers in therapy, assessment, and intervention.
Program Length and Training
A PhD in child psychology typically takes 4-7 years to complete, depending on the program structure and dissertation requirements. Students usually engage in:
- Core coursework in developmental theory, cognitive and social development, and psychological assessment.
- Research training, including independent studies and collaboration with faculty.
- Clinical practicum and internships (if part of a clinical track).
- Dissertation research, which involves conducting an original study that contributes to the field of child psychology.
For those interested in academic or research careers, a PhD is often the preferred route, while those pursuing clinical practice may consider either a PhD or a PsyD.
Key Factors to Consider When Choosing a PhD in Child Psychology Program
Selecting the right PhD in child psychology program requires careful evaluation of several factors, from accreditation and specializations to funding and internship opportunities. Prospective students should assess their academic interests, career goals, and practical considerations to find a program that aligns with their needs.
Accreditation: Why It Matters
Accreditation ensures that a PhD in child psychology meets rigorous academic and professional standards. While regional accreditation is essential for any graduate program, students planning to pursue licensure should also look for American Psychological Association (APA)-accredited programs.
- APA accreditation is a requirement for many state licensure boards and signals that a program meets high-quality training standards.
- Non-APA-accredited programs may still offer valuable training, particularly for students interested in research or academia rather than clinical practice.
Students should verify a program’s accreditation status with the APA Commission on Accreditation or their state licensing board.
Specializations: Finding the Right Focus
PhD programs in child psychology often offer concentrations that allow students to tailor their studies to specific career paths. Common specializations include:
- Developmental Psychology – Focuses on cognitive, social, and emotional development across the lifespan, with opportunities to specialize in infancy, childhood, or adolescence.
- Clinical Child Psychology – Prepares students for clinical practice and research on childhood disorders, therapy techniques, and assessment methods.
- Pediatric Neuropsychology – Explores brain development, neurocognitive disorders, and rehabilitation strategies for children with neurological conditions.
- School Psychology – Applies psychological principles to educational settings, working with children, parents, and educators to support learning and mental health.
Some programs offer dual degrees (such as a PhD combined with an MPH in public health or an EdS in school psychology) for students who want interdisciplinary training.
Research vs. Clinical Focus: Aligning With Career Goals
While all PhD programs in child psychology include research training, some prioritize research over clinical application. Understanding the balance of these elements is crucial:
- Research-focused programs emphasize psychological theory, experimental studies, and statistical analysis, preparing graduates for careers in academia and research institutions.
- Clinical-focused programs integrate coursework with practicums, supervised clinical experiences, and internships, leading to careers in therapy, assessment, and intervention.
- Balanced programs offer strong training in both areas, allowing students to tailor their experience toward research or practice.
Students should review faculty research interests, program descriptions, and alumni career paths to determine whether a program aligns with their professional aspirations.
Internship & Practicum Requirements
For students pursuing licensure, hands-on training is a crucial component of PhD in child psychology programs. Most clinical or applied psychology programs include:
- Practicum experiences – Supervised, hands-on work in clinical settings, schools, or research labs.
- Pre-doctoral internships – One-year, full-time internships required for licensure, often at APA-accredited sites.
Students interested in fully online PhD in child psychology programs should verify how these hands-on requirements are completed, as in-person clinical experiences are typically necessary.
Funding Opportunities: Assistantships, Fellowships, and Grants
PhD programs in psychology often provide funding to help offset tuition and living expenses. Common sources of financial support include:
- Research and teaching assistantships (RAs/TAs) – Provide tuition waivers and stipends in exchange for work as a research assistant or teaching undergraduate courses.
- Fellowships – Competitive awards based on academic merit that may cover full tuition and living expenses.
- Grants and scholarships – Available through universities, private organizations, and federal agencies.
- Loan forgiveness programs – Offered for psychologists who work in underserved areas or public service roles after graduation.
Many fully funded PhD in child psychology programs cover tuition and provide stipends in exchange for research or teaching responsibilities. Checking with program administrators about funding availability is an essential step before applying.
Notable PhD in Child Psychology Programs
Choosing the right PhD in child psychology program is a significant decision that requires careful consideration of academic standing, admission requirements, and cost. The programs listed below have been selected based on a variety of criteria associated with the institutions (graduation and acceptance rates, cost, location) and programs (academic reputation, curriculum focus, faculty expertise).
This list highlights a small cross section of excellent PhD in child psychology programs. It is essential for prospective students to explore programs to determine which options best align with their academic and professional goals. Programs vary in their emphasis on clinical practice, developmental research, and cognitive neuroscience, so students should carefully assess factors such as faculty research interests, available funding, and practicum requirements.
The University of Texas at Dallas
Psychology PhD, Developmental Psychology Focus
Program Basics
- Format: Full-time, research-focused PhD program
- Credit Requirement: Minimum of 75 semester credit hours beyond a bachelor’s degree
- Specializations: Developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, social/personality psychology, and neuroscience
- Program Length: Typically completed in 4-5 years
- Admissions Requirements: Holistic review process considering GPA, letters of recommendation, GRE scores (waived for Fall 2022-25 applicants), and a statement of purpose
- Application Deadline: December 1 for fall admission (no spring or summer admissions)
- Funding: Financial support available through teaching or research assistantships and tuition scholarships
Program Highlights
The University of Texas at Dallas Psychology PhD program offers advanced study and research training across multiple psychological disciplines, including developmental, cognitive, social, and personality psychology. Students collaborate closely with faculty mentors in research laboratories from the start of their training. The program emphasizes interdisciplinary research, statistical training, and professional development opportunities, such as teaching experiences and conference funding. Students also benefit from access to state-of-the-art research facilities, collaborations with major research centers, and partnerships with hospitals, schools, and community organizations.
University of Connecticut
Developmental Psychology Ph.D. Concentration
Program Basics
- Format: Full-time PhD program with a concentration in developmental psychology
- Specialization: Focuses on mechanisms of change from infancy to early adulthood
- Program Emphasis: Research, teaching, and mentoring opportunities
- Research Areas: Cognitive capacities, socioemotional development, language acquisition, environmental influences, and developmental differences
- Admissions Deadline: January 1 (priority consideration for funding by December 1)
- Funding: Most admitted students receive graduate assistantships, including tuition waivers, stipends, and benefits
Program Highlights
The University of Connecticut’s PhD in Psychological Sciences offers a developmental psychology concentration that emphasizes the emergence and organization of behavior across development. Students collaborate with faculty on research projects from the start of their training and gain instructional experience. The program provides a strong foundation in developmental psychology, research methods, and statistical analysis. Graduates pursue careers in academia, research organizations, and child-focused businesses and institutions.
University of Houston
Ph.D., Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
Program Basics
- Format: Full-time PhD program in Developmental, Cognitive, & Behavioral Neuroscience (DCBN)
- Specializations: Behavioral Neuroscience, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology, and Developmental Psychology
- Program Emphasis: Research-driven with interdisciplinary collaborations across multiple fields and institutions
- Research Areas: Cognitive development, genetics and neuroscience of developmental disabilities, neuroplasticity, addiction neurobiology, bilingualism, and attention
- Program Length: Typically completed in 4-5 years
- Admissions Requirements: Applicants must identify a primary research faculty mentor and a committee for guidance
- Funding: Research and teaching assistantships available
Program Highlights
The University of Houston’s PhD program in Developmental, Cognitive, & Behavioral Neuroscience provides students with a transdisciplinary approach to studying psychology and neuroscience. Students engage in hands-on research across various specialized labs and collaborate with faculty across different schools, including Pharmacy, Engineering, Optometry, and Natural Sciences. The program is closely connected to the Texas Medical Center, giving students access to cutting-edge facilities and federal research grants. The curriculum includes core courses, a seminar series, a Master’s Thesis, and a qualifying examination, with the goal of developing independent research expertise.
University of Kansas
Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Child Psychology
Program Basics
- Format: Full-time PhD program in Clinical Child Psychology
- Accreditation: Accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA)
- Program Emphasis: Scientist-practitioner model with a focus on research, assessment, and intervention for children, adolescents, and families
- Program Length: Typically 4 years of coursework, practicum, and research, followed by a 1-year clinical internship
- Admissions Requirements: Holistic review process; applicants without a master’s degree earn an MA en route to the PhD
- Funding: Graduate assistantships available
Program Highlights
The University of Kansas’ PhD in Clinical Child Psychology is a rigorous research and clinical training program designed to prepare graduates for careers in academia, research, and clinical practice. The program integrates scientific inquiry with hands-on clinical experience, providing training in assessment, intervention, and cultural competence. Students benefit from strong collaborations with the Departments of Psychology and Applied Behavioral Science, as well as partnerships with the KU School of Medicine and Children’s Mercy Hospital. Graduates pursue careers in universities, medical centers, mental health facilities, and schools.
University of Maryland
Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology (Ph.D.), Developmental Specialization
Program Basics
- Format: Full-time PhD program in Developmental Psychology
- Program Emphasis: Interdisciplinary research on cognitive, social, emotional, and neural aspects of development
- Research Areas: Language acquisition, memory, social reasoning, conceptual development, emotional regulation, and neurophysiological processes
- Methodologies: Observational, behavioral experimental, and neurophysiological techniques (e.g., EEG, ERP)
- Admissions Requirements: Research competence, completion of required coursework, comprehensive examinations, and dissertation research
- Funding: Teaching and research assistantships available, including tuition remission and stipends
Program Highlights
The University of Maryland’s PhD program in Developmental Psychology offers students an integrative approach to studying human development. The program emphasizes interdisciplinary research, spanning social, cognitive, and neural levels of analysis. Faculty and students engage in cutting-edge research using behavioral experiments, neurophysiological techniques, and observational methods. Students benefit from collaborations with the Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Sciences (NACS), the Consortium on Infant Studies, and other university-wide initiatives. Graduates pursue careers in academia, research institutions, and applied psychology settings.
University of Minnesota
Developmental Psychology PhD
Program Basics
- Format: Full-time PhD program in Developmental Psychology
- Specializations: Developmental Science; Developmental Psychopathology and Clinical Science
- Program Length: 5 years for the Developmental Science track; 6 years for the Clinical Science track (including a one-year APA-accredited internship)
- Program Emphasis: Research-focused with opportunities in teaching and clinical training
- Admissions Deadline: December 1 for fall admission
- Funding: Guaranteed financial support for five academic years through assistantships and fellowships
- GRE Requirement: GRE General test required for the 2025 admissions cycle
Program Highlights
The University of Minnesota’s PhD in Developmental Psychology is housed within the Institute of Child Development, a top-ranked program nationally. Students engage in interdisciplinary research on cognitive, social-emotional, and biological aspects of development, working with award-winning faculty. The Developmental Science track prepares students for careers in academia and research, while the Developmental Psychopathology and Clinical Science track combines developmental psychology with clinical training, leading to licensure opportunities. Students benefit from extensive research resources, community-based partnerships, and a collaborative mentorship model.
University of Pittsburgh
PhD in Applied Developmental Psychology
Program Basics
- Format: Full-time or part-time PhD program in Applied Developmental Psychology
- Credit Requirement: 90 credits
- Program Length: Typically completed in 5 years
- Program Emphasis: Research-focused training in developmental psychology with applications to practice and policy
- Admissions Deadline: December 1 for fall enrollment
- GRE Requirement: Not required
- Funding: Opportunities for assistantships and research positions available
Program Highlights
The University of Pittsburgh’s PhD in Applied Developmental Psychology prepares students for research careers focused on improving outcomes for children, youth, and families. The program emphasizes the interaction between human development and contextual factors, exploring topics such as learning environments, intervention effectiveness, and behavioral patterns. Students engage in applied research using diverse methodologies, including observational studies, longitudinal modeling, and experimental designs. The program provides close faculty mentorship and opportunities for independent and collaborative research.
University of Washington
Ph.D. in Psychology, Child Clinical Area of Study
Program Basics
- Format: Full-time PhD program in Clinical Psychology
- Accreditation: Accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Psychological Clinical Science Accreditation System (PCSAS)
- Program Length: Typically completed in 6-7 years, including coursework, research, clinical training, and a one-year accredited clinical internship
- Specializations: General Clinical track and Child Clinical track
- Admissions Process: Mentor-based; applicants must identify potential faculty mentors in their application
- Funding: Opportunities available through assistantships, fellowships, and external grants
Program Highlights
The University of Washington’s PhD in Clinical Psychology is a top-ranked program emphasizing research training and clinical science. Students work closely with faculty mentors on cutting-edge research in areas such as substance use, anxiety, autism, PTSD, schizophrenia, child adjustment, and mental health disparities. The program provides rigorous evidence-based clinical training through in-house practica, including anxiety and trauma-focused clinics, as well as over 40 external practicum sites in the Seattle area. Students also have access to a newly renovated psychology building with state-of-the-art research facilities, including an in-house MRI center. The program fosters a strong commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion in research, training, and community engagement.
These programs offer unique strengths, whether in clinical training, developmental research, or interdisciplinary collaboration. Prospective students should carefully review program details, faculty research interests, and funding opportunities to find the best fit for their academic and career aspirations.
PhD in Child Psychology Salary and Career Outlook
Earning a PhD in child psychology opens doors to various career paths, including clinical practice, academic research, and applied psychology roles in healthcare, education, and policy development. Salaries and job prospects vary depending on the industry, specialization, and geographic location, but doctoral graduates typically earn higher wages than those with only a master’s degree.
Salary for PhD in Child Psychology Graduates
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median annual wage for psychologists was $92,740 as of May 2023.
Job Outlook for Child Psychologists
The demand for psychologists is projected to grow 7% from 2023 to 2033, faster than the average for all occupations, according to the BLS. Growth is driven by increasing awareness of mental health issues in children and adolescents, as well as a greater need for specialized psychological services in schools, healthcare settings, and social services.
Common Career Paths with a PhD in Child Psychology
A PhD in child psychology prepares graduates for a variety of high-level roles, including:
- Clinical Child Psychologist – Diagnosing and treating mental health disorders in children and adolescents. Requires licensure.
- Developmental Psychologist – Researching cognitive, social, and emotional development across the lifespan.
- University Professor – Teaching and mentoring students in psychology programs while conducting research.
- Research Psychologist – Working in government agencies, private research firms, or think tanks to study child development and mental health.
- Pediatric Neuropsychologist – Specializing in brain-behavior relationships in children with neurological conditions.
- Consultant or Policy Advisor – Informing child development policies and intervention strategies for nonprofits and government agencies.
The flexibility of a PhD allows professionals to work in private practice, hospitals, schools, universities, research institutions, and government agencies, depending on their interests and licensure status.
Frequently Asked Questions About PhD in Child Psychology Programs
How long does it take to earn a PhD in child psychology?
Most PhD in child psychology programs take between 4 to 7 years to complete. The length varies based on factors such as program structure, research focus, dissertation completion time, and internship or practicum requirements. Students in research-intensive programs may take longer to complete their dissertation, while clinical programs with required internships often extend the timeline.
What’s the difference between a PhD in child psychology and a PsyD?
The PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) in Child Psychology is research-focused, preparing graduates for careers in academia, clinical practice, and applied research. In contrast, the PsyD (Doctor of Psychology) is a practice-oriented degree that emphasizes clinical training over research. While both degrees can lead to licensure as a psychologist, PhD graduates are more likely to work in research, teaching, and policy, whereas PsyD holders typically pursue direct clinical practice.
What types of funding are available for PhD students?
Most PhD in child psychology programs offer funding opportunities, such as:
- Graduate research assistantships – Students assist faculty with research in exchange for tuition remission and a stipend.
- Teaching assistantships – PhD candidates teach undergraduate courses or assist professors.
- Fellowships and grants – Competitive funding options provided by universities, government agencies, or private organizations.
- Scholarships – Some institutions offer merit-based scholarships to incoming doctoral students.
Unlike many master’s programs, PhD students often receive full or partial tuition waivers and stipends, though funding availability varies by institution.
Do PhD programs require licensure for practice?
It depends on the career path. Graduates planning to work as licensed clinical psychologists must complete an APA-accredited program, fulfill internship requirements, and pass the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP). Those pursuing academic or research careers generally do not need licensure unless they plan to provide clinical services.
Next Steps for Pursuing a PhD in Child Psychology
Earning a PhD in child psychology is a major academic and professional commitment. Prospective students should take proactive steps to ensure they select the right program and prepare for the rigorous application process.
1. Research and Compare PhD in Child Psychology Programs
- Review program curriculum, faculty research interests, and available specializations.
- Compare program structures, including research vs. clinical training components.
- Check accreditation status—APA-accredited programs are required for clinical licensure.
- Evaluate program outcomes, such as graduation rates and job placements.
2. Reach Out to Faculty and Admissions Offices
- Contact faculty members whose research aligns with your interests to explore mentorship opportunities.
- Attend virtual or in-person information sessions hosted by psychology departments.
- Ask admissions offices about acceptance rates, funding options, and internship placements.
3. Prepare a Strong Application
- Secure letters of recommendation from professors or professionals familiar with your academic work.
- Craft a compelling statement of purpose that highlights research interests and career goals.
- Ensure GRE scores (if required) and transcripts meet program expectations.
- Submit research samples or previous academic work, if applicable.
4. Explore Funding and Financial Aid Options
- Research assistantships, fellowships, and grants offered by each program.
- Look into external funding opportunities, such as APA or NSF grants.
- Consider cost-of-living differences when choosing a program location.
5. Plan for Internships and Licensure (If Applicable)
- For clinical-focused PhD programs, understand practicum and internship requirements.
- Research licensure requirements in your intended state of practice.
- Identify potential postdoctoral training opportunities if additional experience is needed for career goals.
A PhD in child psychology opens doors to impactful careers in research, academia, and clinical practice. Taking the time to thoroughly research programs, prepare strong applications, and understand career pathways will help prospective students make informed decisions about their future.
